Environmental Science MCQ || Environmental Science solved Questions and Answers

151. The concept that “population increases geometrically while food supply increases arithmetically” was given by

  1. Stuart Mill
  2. Charles Darwin
  3. Adam Smith
  4. Thomas Malthus

Answer.4. Thomas Malthus

Explanation:

The concept that “population increases geometrically while food supply increases arithmetically” was given by Thomas Malthus.

Malthus stated that population increased in a geometric progression (ie., 2, 4, 16, 132…) while food production increased in arithmetic progression (ie., 2, 4, 6, 8…). Thus population grew faster than food production and tended to outstrip it in a short time.

 

152. Population pyramids are useful to

  1. Express the population growth rates
  2. Indicate the birth rates
  3. Indicate the death rates
  4. Express age-sex distribution of a population

Answer.4. Express age-sex distribution of a population

Explanation:

A population pyramid is a way to visualize two variables: age and sex. They are used by demographers, who study populations. A population pyramid is a graph that shows the distribution of ages across a population divided down the center between male and female members of the population.

 

153. The carrying capacity of a population is determined by

  1. Population growth rate
  2. Natality
  3. Mortality
  4. Limiting resources

Answer.4. Limiting resources

Explanation:

Limiting factors or resources determine carrying capacity. The availability of abiotic factors (such as water, oxygen, and space) and biotic factors (such as food) dictates how many organisms can live in an ecosystem. Carrying capacity is also impacted by the availability of decomposers.

 

154. HIV is not likely to be transmitted by

  1. Sharing needles for injections
  2. Mosquito bites
  3. Blood transfusion
  4. Breastfeeding

Answer.2. Mosquito bites

Explanation:

HIV is not likely to be transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, or other insects. Through saliva, tears, or sweat. By hugging, shaking hands, sharing toilets, sharing dishes, or closed-mouth or “social” kissing with someone who has HIV.

 

155. Today, the world’s number one problem is:

  1. Pollution
  2. Population explosion
  3. Nuclear proliferation
  4. Natural calamities

Answer.2. Population explosion

Explanation:

Today, the world’s number one problem is Population explosion. Population explosion gives rise to a number of social problems. It leads to migration of people from rural areas to the urban areas causing the growth of slum areas. People live in most unhygienic and insanitary conditions.

 

156. Population explosion has occurred in the last

  1. 500 years
  2. 300 years
  3. 400 years
  4. 150 years

Answer.4. 150 years

Explanation:

Population explosion has occurred in the last 150 years. The population explosion first occurred on a small scale and with relatively moderate intensity in Europe and America, more or less between 1750 and 1950.

 

157. Study of trends in human population growth and prediction of future growth is called

  1. Demography
  2. Psychology
  3. Biography
  4. Kalography

Answer.1. Demography

Explanation:

Demography deals with the study of populations attributes. Population attributes like natality, mortality and age distribution keep on fluctuating and greatly affects the growing population.

Demography examines the size, structure, and movements of populations over space and time. It uses methods from history, economics, anthropology, sociology, and other fields.

 

158. One of the critical mechanisms by which the environment controls the population of species is

  1. Spread of disease
  2. Removal of excreta
  3. Supply of food
  4. Control on death rate

Answer.4. Control on death rate

Explanation:

the critical mechanism by which the environment controls the population of species is to control the death rate. Environmental catastrophes such as fires, earthquakes, volcanoes, and floods can strongly affect population growth rates via direct mortality and habitat destruction.

 

159. If the rate of addition of new members increases with respect to the individual loss of the same population, then the graph obtained has

  1. Decline growth
  2. Zero growth
  3. Exponential growth
  4. None of these

Answer.3. Exponential growth

Explanation:

If the rate of addition of new members increases with respect to the individual loss of the same population, then the graph obtained has exponential growth.  The exponential phase is the period of the rapid rise in population due to the availability of food and requirements of life in plenty and there is no competition.

 

160. The number of babies produced per thousand individuals is called

  1. Natality
  2. Mortality
  3. Immigration
  4. Emigration

Answer.1. Natality

Explanation:

The birthrate is the ratio of total live births to the total population in a particular area over a specified period of time; expressed as childbirths per 1000 people (or population) per year.

 

161. The zero population growth due to equal birth and death rates is called

  1. Fertility rate
  2. Replacement level
  3. Natural increase
  4. Demographic transition

Answer.4. Demographic transition

Explanation:

The zero population growth due to equal birth and death rates is called demographic transition.

Thus, zero population growth occurs when birth and death rates are equal. The birth rate refers to the number of births per 1,000 people per year, while the death rate refers to the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.

 

162. Demographic features of developing countries are

  1. High infant mortality, low fertility, young age distribution and uneven population growth
  2. High fertility, high density, high mortality rate and young age distribution
  3. High fertility, falling mortality rate, rapid population growth and young age distribution
  4. High density, high mortality, uneven population growth and very old age distribution

Answer.3. High fertility, falling mortality rate, rapid population growth and young age distribution

Explanation:

A young growing population is considered an asset for any developing country as it contributes to the working population. Developing countries show expanding population pyramid with maximum age distribution in the pre-reproductive phase i.e., the maximum number of individuals in the young, pre-reproductive phase, high fertility, and high mortality rate.

 

163. Density of a population (D) is

  1. D = S(size) / W(weight)
  2. D = S(space) / N(number)
  3. D = N(number) / S(space)
  4. None of the above

Answer.3. D = N(number) / S(space)

Explanation:

The number of individuals living within that specific location determines the population density or the number of individuals divided by the size of the area.

D = N/S = Number/Space

 

164. Each environment supports a limited population depending upon its

  1. Biotic potential
  2. Carrying capacity
  3. Natality
  4. Reproductive potential

Answer.2. Carrying capacity

Explanation:

The carrying capacity of an environment is the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available. Each environment supports a limited population depending on its Carrying capacity.

 

165. A group of interbreeding organisms found in a particular area is

  1. Species
  2. Community
  3. Tribe
  4. Density

Answer.1. Species

Explanation:

Species are a group of interbreeding organisms. Species possess distinct morphological characters. They interbreed among themselves. They are reproductively isolated from other species. They have a common gene pool.

 

166. In India, the human population has higher number of younger age group because of

  1. Long life span and low birth rate
  2. Short life span and high birth rate
  3. Short life span and low birth rate
  4. Birth rate is equal to death rate

Answer.2. 

Explanation:

In India, the human population has a higher number of younger age groups because of the short life span and high birth rate.

 

167. The number of births per 1000 is

  1. Growth rate
  2. Conception rate
  3. Reproduction rate
  4. Crude birth rate

Answer.4. Crude birth rate

Explanation:

The crude birth rate is the annual number of live births per 1,000 population. The crude birth rate is generally computed as a ratio.

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