Environmental Science MCQ || Environmental Science solved Questions and Answers

16. Sustainable development means

  1. Meeting present needs without compromising on future needs
  2. Progress of human beings
  3. Balance between human needs and the ability of earth to provide the resources
  4. All of the above

Answer.3. Balance between human needs and the ability of earth to provide the resources

Explanation:

Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” It is the balance between human needs and the ability of the earth to provide resources.

 

17. The most important remedy to avoid negative impact due to industrialization is

  1. Industry should be closed
  2. don’t allow new industrial units
  3. Industry should treat all the wastes generated by it before disposal
  4. Industries should be shifted far away from human habitats

Answer.3. Industry should treat all the wastes generated by it before disposal

Explanation:

The most important remedy to avoid the negative impact due to industrialization is that the Industry should treat all the wastes generated by it before disposal

Treatment of industrial wastes/effluents results in the generation of waste sludge/residues which, if not properly disposed of, may cause ground and surface water pollution. if not properly disposed of, may cause ground and surface water pollution. The aforesaid solid wastes have a very good potential to be utilized in the manufacture of various building materials.

 

18. Sustainable development will not aim at

  1. Social-economic development optimizes the economic and social benefits available in the present, without spoiling the likely potential for similar benefits in the future
  2. Reasonable and equally distributed level of economic well-being that can be perpetuated continually
  3. Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations to meet their own needs
  4. Maximizing the present-day benefits through increased resource consumption

Answer.3. Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations to meet their own needs

Explanation:

Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” It is the balance between human needs and the ability of the earth to provide resources.

 

19. The adverse effect of modern agriculture is

  1. Water pollution
  2. Soil degradation
  3. Waterlogging
  4. All of the above

Answer.4. All of the above

Explanation:

The disadvantages of using modern farming methods are:

  • The use of chemical fertilizers spoils the soil quality
  • To pollute watercourses, the dissolved nitrate runs off the land.
  • Modern farming methods require excessive water usage.
  • it kills numerous important microorganisms that are required to improve the soil quality.
  • It causes water logging.

 

20. Soil erosion removes surface soil that contains

  1. Organic matter
  2. Plant nutrients
  3. Both a and b
  4. None of the above

Answer.1. Organic matter

Explanation:

Soil erosion is a gradual process that occurs when the impact of water or wind detaches and removes soil particles, causing the soil to deteriorate. Soil erosion removes surface soil that contains organic matter. When topsoil has eroded, the loss of organic matter can alter the soil’s physical properties, especially soil density.

 

21. Water logging is a phenomenon in which

  1. Crop patterns are rotated
  2. Soil root zone becomes saturated due to over-irrigation
  3. Erosion of soil
  4. None of the above

Answer.2. Soil root zone becomes saturated due to over-irrigation

Explanation:

Waterlogging is simply the saturation of soil with water due to over-irrigation, either temporarily or permanently. When there is too much water in an area, the soil is unable to absorb the water as it should ordinarily. It can also happen when the water table rises to the extent that the soil pores in the crop root zone.

 

22. The impact of the construction of dams

  1. Submerged forest
  2. Loss of wildlife habitat
  3. Damages downstream ecosystem
  4. All of the above

Answer.4. All of the above

Explanation:

  • Regulating and damming rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds.
  • Poorer habitats for the rivers’ aquatic life.
  • Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate, especially for spawning.
  • The reservoirs that are created on the floodplains also submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading to its decomposition over a period of time.
  • Dam construction decreased the water fungal biomass and richness in reservoirs and downstream ecosystems.

 

23. What would you do to prevent environmental damage?

  1. Plant trees
  2. Halt deforestation
  3. Control pollution
  4. All of the above

Answer.4. All of the above

Explanation:

Ways to Prevent Environmental damage

  • Use energy more efficiently
  • Plants Tree
  • Install renewables
  • Halt Deforestation
  • Conserve water
  • Control Pollution
  • Reduce, reuse, recycle
  • Travel less
  • Consider near sourcing
  • Ship goods more efficiently

 

24. Environmental impact assessment

  1. Is the study of the feasibility of a project
  2. Is a study of biophysical characteristics of the environment that may result from a human action
  3. Both a and b
  4. None of the above

Answer.2. Is a study of biophysical characteristics of the environment that may result from a human action

Explanation:

Environmental impact assessment is a study of biophysical characteristics of the environment that may result from a human action

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural, and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.

 

25. Which of the following is the most environmental friendly agricultural practice?

  1. Using chemical fertilizers
  2. Using insecticides
  3. Organic farming
  4. None of the above

Answer.3. Organic farming

Explanation:

The most environmental friendly agricultural practice is organic farming.

Organic farming is a production system that avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetically compounded fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators, genetically modified organisms, and livestock food additives.

 

26. A herbivore is also known as a

  1. Producer
  2. First-order consumer
  3. Second-order consumer.
  4. Third-order consumer

Answer.2. First-order consumer

Explanation:

Herbivores are those animals that depend on plant materials for their food and cannot synthesize their own food. They obtain food from these plants directly, hence they are also called first-order consumers.

 

27. A product of photosynthesis is

  1. Carbon dioxide
  2. Water
  3. Oxygen
  4. Chlorophyll

Answer.3. Oxygen

Explanation:

The products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen. Although the hydrogen atoms from the water molecules are used in the photosynthesis reactions, the oxygen molecules are released as oxygen gas (O2).

 

28. Primary source of energy in a food web is/are

  1. Green plants
  2. Sun
  3. Inorganic nutrients
  4. Animals

Answer.2. Sun

Explanation:

The Sun is the major source of energy for organisms and the ecosystems of which they are a part. Producers such as plants, algae, and cyanobacteria use the energy from sunlight to make organic matter from carbon dioxide and water. This establishes the beginning of energy flow through almost all food webs.

 

29. A group of living organisms of the same kind living in the same place and at the same time refers to a

  1. Community
  2. Species
  3. Population
  4. Consumers

Answer.3. Population

Explanation:

A population is a distinct group of individuals, whether that group comprises a nation or a group of people with a common characteristic. In statistics, a population is the pool of individuals from which a statistical sample is drawn for a study.

 

30. Which of these organisms has a diet consisting only of plant matter?

  1. Omnivores
  2. Carnivores
  3. Herbivores
  4. Insectivores

Answer.3. Herbivores

Explanation:

An herbivore is an organism that mostly feeds on plants. Herbivores range in size from tiny insects such as aphids to large, lumbering elephants. Herbivores are a major part of the food web, a description of which organisms eat other organisms in the wild.

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