106. Which of the following is the best indicator of SO2 pollution?
Bryophytes
Pteridophytes
Lichens
Algae
Answer.3. Lichens
Explanation:
Lichens are a good indicator of SO2 pollution. If air is polluted with sulfur dioxide, then lichens will die in that particular environment. Since the era of industrialization, many species of lichens have gone extinct.
107. BOD stands for
Biotic oxidation demand
Biological oxygen demand
Biological oxidation demand
Biochemical oxygen demand
Answer.4. Biochemical oxygen demand
Explanation:
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms while they decompose organic matter under aerobic (oxygen is present) conditions at a specified temperature.
108. A river with high BOD value means
Highly polluted
Highly clean
Highly productive
None of the above
Answer.1. Highly polluted
Explanation:
The river which has a high level of BOD is indicative of high pollution in the river as the dissolved oxygen available in the water is being used by the bacterias and this results in less oxygen available to fish and other aquatic beings. Clear water has BOD of less than 5 ppm whereas highly polluted water has BOD value of 17 ppm or more.
109. Which gas is responsible for ozone layer depletion around earth?
Carbon dioxide
Chlorofluorocarbons
Oxygen
Nitrogen oxide
Answer.2. Chlorofluorocarbons
Explanation:
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and halons destroy the earth’s protective ozone layer, which shields the earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) rays generated from the sun. CFCs and HCFCs also warm the lower atmosphere of the earth, changing global climate.
110. What is Kyoto Protocol?
It is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing global warming.
It is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing acid rain.
It is an agreement among countries to take steps for planting trees to control pollution.
It is an agreement among countries to start using nuclear energy.
Answer.1. It is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing global warming.
Explanation:
Kyoto Protocol is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing global warming.
The Kyoto Protocol operationalizes the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets.
Kyoto’s failure is due to deficiencies in the structure of the agreement, such as the exemption of developing countries from reductions requirements, or the lack of an effective emissions trading scheme.
111. Possible health effects of noise pollution include
Hearing loss
Hypertension
Cardiovascular effects
All of the above
Answer.4. All of the above
Explanation:
Fatal Effects of Noise Pollution
Hearing Problems
Psychological Issues
Physical Problems
Cognitive Issues & Behavioral Changes
Sleeping Disorders
Cardiovascular Issues
Trouble Communicating
Effect on Wildlife
Hypertension
112. Noise is measured by a sound meter and the unit is
Hertz
Joule
Decibel
Seconds
Answer.3. Decibel
Explanation:
The human ear can detect a wide range of sound pressure levels (10–102 Pascal (Pa)), they are measured on a logarithmic scale with units of decibels (dB).
113. Which of the following are major causes of land degradation?
Soil erosion
Waterlogging
Deforestation
Desertification
Answer.3. Deforestation
Explanation:
Land degradation is defined as the temporary or permanent decline in the productive capacity of the land, and the diminution of the productive potential, including its major land uses. Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land.
The major causes of land degradation include deforestation, land clearance poor farming practices, overgrazing, inappropriate irrigation, urban sprawl, commercial development, land pollution including industrial waste, and quarrying of stone, sand, and minerals.
114. The main components of photochemical smog are
Water vapors
Nitrogen oxides
Sulfur oxides
All of the above
Answer.1.
Explanation:
Photochemical smog is a mixture of pollutants that are formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react to sunlight, creating a brown haze above cities. It tends to occur more often in summer because that is when we have the most sunlight.
The major components of photochemical smog are nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), Sulfur oxides, water PAN (peroxyacetylnitrate), and chemical compounds that contain the –CHO group (aldehydes).
115. Which gas is responsible for global warming?
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Noble gases
Hydrogen
Answer.2. Carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas that helps to trap heat in our atmosphere. Without it, our planet would be inhospitably cold. However, an increase in CO2 concentrations in our atmosphere is causing average global temperatures to rise, disrupting other aspects of Earth’s climate.
116. Which country has organized its cabinet meeting under the sea to draw the attention of the world toward Global Warming and its threats?
Maldives
Sri Lanka
Fiji
Indonesia
Answer.1. Maldives
Explanation:
On 17 October 2009 President Mohammed Nasheed and 13 government officials of Maldives held an underwater cabinet meeting in Girifushi to call international attention to the threat of global warming on the island nation.
117. Which of the following effect is responsible for Global Warming?
Greenhouse effect
Radioactive effect
Solar effect
Nuclear effect
Answer.1. Greenhouse effect
Explanation:
Greenhouse effect is responsible for Global Warming
Global warming occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants collect in the atmosphere and absorb sunlight and solar radiation that have bounced off the earth’s surface. Normally this radiation would escape into space, but these pollutants, which can last for years to centuries in the atmosphere, trap the heat and cause the planet to get hotter.
118. Which of the following greenhouse gas is entirely anthropogenic in origin?
CFCs
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Water vapor
Answer.1.
Explanation:
The definition of anthropogenic is something that is made by humans. An example considered anthropogenic is excessive greenhouse gasses. Carbon dioxide gas is entirely anthropogenic in origin
Anthropogenic sources result from energy-related activities (e.g., combustion of fossil fuels in the electric utility and transportation sectors), agriculture, land-use change, waste management and treatment activities, and various industrial processes.
119. Which of the following statements regarding the greenhouse effect has the lowest degree of certainty?
Addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere results in increased heat energy in the atmosphere
Global warming will result in an increase in the number of tropical storms
Global warming will result in rising sea levels
The concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are increasing due to human activities.
Answer.2. Global warming will result in an increase in the number of tropical storms
Explanation:
Effects of Global Warming
More frequent and severe weather.
Higher temperatures are worsening many types of disasters, including storms, heatwaves, floods, and droughts.
Higher death rates.
Dirtier air.
Higher wildlife extinction rates
More acidic oceans
Higher sea levels
Humans are increasingly influencing the climate and the earth’s temperature by burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests and farming livestock. This adds enormous amounts of greenhouse gases to those naturally occurring in the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect and global warming.
120. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
Methane
Ozone
Argon
Carbon dioxide
Answer.3. Argon
Explanation:
The main gases responsible for the greenhouse effect include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor (which all occur naturally), and fluorinated gases (which are synthetic).