Environmental Science MCQ || Environmental Science solved Questions and Answers

106. Which of the following is the best indicator of SO2 pollution?

  1. Bryophytes
  2. Pteridophytes
  3. Lichens
  4. Algae

Answer.3. Lichens

Explanation:

Lichens are a good indicator of SO2 pollution. If air is polluted with sulfur dioxide, then lichens will die in that particular environment. Since the era of industrialization, many species of lichens have gone extinct.

 

107. BOD stands for

  1. Biotic oxidation demand
  2. Biological oxygen demand
  3. Biological oxidation demand
  4. Biochemical oxygen demand

Answer.4. Biochemical oxygen demand

Explanation:

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms while they decompose organic matter under aerobic (oxygen is present) conditions at a specified temperature.

 

108. A river with high BOD value means

  1. Highly polluted
  2. Highly clean
  3. Highly productive
  4. None of the above

Answer.1. Highly polluted

Explanation:

The river which has a high level of BOD is indicative of high pollution in the river as the dissolved oxygen available in the water is being used by the bacterias and this results in less oxygen available to fish and other aquatic beings. Clear water has BOD of less than 5 ppm whereas highly polluted water has BOD value of 17 ppm or more.

 

109. Which gas is responsible for ozone layer depletion around earth?

  1. Carbon dioxide
  2. Chlorofluorocarbons
  3. Oxygen
  4. Nitrogen oxide

Answer.2. Chlorofluorocarbons

Explanation:

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and halons destroy the earth’s protective ozone layer, which shields the earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) rays generated from the sun. CFCs and HCFCs also warm the lower atmosphere of the earth, changing global climate.

 

110. What is Kyoto Protocol?

  1. It is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing global warming.
  2. It is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing acid rain.
  3. It is an agreement among countries to take steps for planting trees to control pollution.
  4. It is an agreement among countries to start using nuclear energy.

Answer.1. It is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing global warming.

Explanation:

Kyoto Protocol is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing global warming.

The Kyoto Protocol operationalizes the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets.

Kyoto’s failure is due to deficiencies in the structure of the agreement, such as the exemption of developing countries from reductions requirements, or the lack of an effective emissions trading scheme.

 

111. Possible health effects of noise pollution include

  1. Hearing loss
  2. Hypertension
  3. Cardiovascular effects
  4. All of the above

Answer.4. All of the above

Explanation:

Fatal Effects of Noise Pollution
  1. Hearing Problems
  2. Psychological Issues
  3. Physical Problems
  4. Cognitive Issues & Behavioral Changes
  5. Sleeping Disorders
  6. Cardiovascular Issues
  7. Trouble Communicating
  8. Effect on Wildlife
  9. Hypertension

 

112. Noise is measured by a sound meter and the unit is

  1. Hertz
  2. Joule
  3. Decibel
  4. Seconds

Answer.3. Decibel

Explanation:

The human ear can detect a wide range of sound pressure levels (10–102 Pascal (Pa)), they are measured on a logarithmic scale with units of decibels (dB).

 

113. Which of the following are major causes of land degradation?

  1. Soil erosion
  2. Waterlogging
  3. Deforestation
  4. Desertification

Answer.3. Deforestation

Explanation:

Land degradation is defined as the temporary or permanent decline in the productive capacity of the land, and the diminution of the productive potential, including its major land uses. Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land.

The major causes of land degradation include deforestation, land clearance poor farming practices, overgrazing, inappropriate irrigation, urban sprawl, commercial development, land pollution including industrial waste, and quarrying of stone, sand, and minerals.

 

114. The main components of photochemical smog are

  1. Water vapors
  2. Nitrogen oxides
  3. Sulfur oxides
  4. All of the above

Answer.1. 

Explanation:

Photochemical smog is a mixture of pollutants that are formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react to sunlight, creating a brown haze above cities. It tends to occur more often in summer because that is when we have the most sunlight.

The major components of photochemical smog are nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), Sulfur oxides, water PAN (peroxyacetylnitrate), and chemical compounds that contain the –CHO group (aldehydes).

 

115. Which gas is responsible for global warming?

  1. Nitrogen
  2. Carbon dioxide
  3. Noble gases
  4. Hydrogen

Answer.2. Carbon dioxide

Explanation:

Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas that helps to trap heat in our atmosphere. Without it, our planet would be inhospitably cold. However, an increase in CO2 concentrations in our atmosphere is causing average global temperatures to rise, disrupting other aspects of Earth’s climate.

 

116. Which country has organized its cabinet meeting under the sea to draw the attention of the world toward Global Warming and its threats?

  1. Maldives
  2. Sri Lanka
  3. Fiji
  4. Indonesia

Answer.1. Maldives

Explanation:

On 17 October 2009 President Mohammed Nasheed and 13 government officials of Maldives held an underwater cabinet meeting in Girifushi to call international attention to the threat of global warming on the island nation.

 

117. Which of the following effect is responsible for Global Warming?

  1. Greenhouse effect
  2. Radioactive effect
  3. Solar effect
  4. Nuclear effect

Answer.1. Greenhouse effect

Explanation:

Greenhouse effect is responsible for Global Warming

Global warming occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants collect in the atmosphere and absorb sunlight and solar radiation that have bounced off the earth’s surface. Normally this radiation would escape into space, but these pollutants, which can last for years to centuries in the atmosphere, trap the heat and cause the planet to get hotter.

 

118. Which of the following greenhouse gas is entirely anthropogenic in origin?

  1. CFCs
  2. Methane
  3. Carbon dioxide
  4. Water vapor

Answer.1. 

Explanation:

The definition of anthropogenic is something that is made by humans. An example considered anthropogenic is excessive greenhouse gasses. Carbon dioxide gas is entirely anthropogenic in origin

Anthropogenic sources result from energy-related activities (e.g., combustion of fossil fuels in the electric utility and transportation sectors), agriculture, land-use change, waste management and treatment activities, and various industrial processes.

 

119. Which of the following statements regarding the greenhouse effect has the lowest degree of certainty?

  1. Addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere results in increased heat energy in the atmosphere
  2. Global warming will result in an increase in the number of tropical storms
  3. Global warming will result in rising sea levels
  4. The concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are increasing due to human activities.

Answer.2. Global warming will result in an increase in the number of tropical storms

Explanation:

Effects of Global Warming
  • More frequent and severe weather.
  • Higher temperatures are worsening many types of disasters, including storms, heatwaves, floods, and droughts.
  • Higher death rates.
  • Dirtier air.
  • Higher wildlife extinction rates
  • More acidic oceans
  • Higher sea levels

Humans are increasingly influencing the climate and the earth’s temperature by burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests and farming livestock. This adds enormous amounts of greenhouse gases to those naturally occurring in the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect and global warming.

 

120. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

  1. Methane
  2. Ozone
  3. Argon
  4. Carbon dioxide

Answer.3. Argon

Explanation:

The main gases responsible for the greenhouse effect include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor (which all occur naturally), and fluorinated gases (which are synthetic).

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