1. A galvanometer may be converted into ammeter or voltmeter. In which of the following cases the resistance of the device will be the largest?
An ammeter of range 10 A
A voltmeter of range 5 volt
An ammeter of range 5 A
A voltmeter of range 10 V
Answer.4. A voltmeter of range 10 V
Explanation:
A galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by connecting a low resistance in parallel.
The effective resistance of device = Rsh in parallel with Rg
Where Rg is galvanometer resistance
A galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter by connecting a high resistance in series.
The effective resistance of device = Rse in series with Rg
Where Rg is galvanometer resistance
Application:
The voltmeter has high resistance and the ammeter has low resistance.
Voltmeter with a high full-scale range has high resistance.
So, a voltmeter of range 10 V has higher resistance.
2. Range of an electrical instrument depends on __________
Current
Voltage
Power
Resistance
Answer.1. Current
Explanation:
The range of electrical instruments is limited by current, which can be carried by the coil of the instrument safely.
Hence, for the measurement of large currents or voltage or power, some means for increasing the range of the device or instruments are to be implemented.
There are four common ways implemented for extending the range of instruments :
Shunts
Multipliers
Current Transformers (C.T.)
Potential Transformers (P.T.)
3. A moving coil instrument has full-scale deflection at 50 mV and 10 mA. The value of shunt resistance required to be connected to convert it into a (0-5 ammeter is:
0.005 Ω
0.01 Ω
0.001 Ω
1 Ω
Answer.2. 0.01 Ω
Explanation:
We can extend the range of ammeter by keeping a shunt resistance.
Here Rm = internal resistance of the coil
Rsh = Shunt resistance
I = Required full-scale range
Im = Full scale deflection of current
As the two resistances, Rm and Rsh are in parallel, the voltage drop across the resistance is equal.
4. Moving coil instruments have a current and voltage rating of __________
100 A and 25 V
50 mA and 50 mV
75 nA and 100 μV
25 μA and 75 V
Answer.2. 50 mA and 50 mV
Explanation:
The moving-coil instrument is the most used DC measurement instrument because of its comparatively small internal power consumption and the high accuracy it achieves.
The measured current flows through the instrument coil. Usually measured currents, for which: the instrument displays full-scale deflection, lie between 10A and 10 mA.
Moving iron instruments may be constructed to read 10, 20, or 50 A by increasing the thickness and number of solenoid conductors.
However, moving-coil instruments can only be constructed using a delicate lightweight coil whose maximum current carrying is no more than about 50mA and voltage carrying capacity of 50 mV. To extend the range of a coil instrument, shunt or series resistors are connected to it.
They have a maximum current carrying capacity of 50 mA with a voltage rating of 50 mV.
5. Moving coil instruments have a current rating of __________
50 A
100 mA
200 mA
50 mA
Answer.1. 50 A
Explanation:
The moving iron type instruments are one of the types of measuring instruments used for measuring voltage or current. Moving iron instruments are designed to function as Ammeters and Voltmeters.
Moving iron instruments may be constructed to read 10, 20, or 50 A by increasing the thickness and number of solenoid conductors.
6. A DC ammeter has a resistance of 0.1 Ω and its current range is 0-100 A. If the range is to be extended to 0-500 A, then the shunt resistance should be:
A shunt is an electrical device that generates a low-resistance path for an electrical current. This enables the current to flow to an alternative point in the circuit. Shunts may also be referred to as ammeter shunts or current shunt resistors.
8. A moving coil instrument has a coil resistance of 10 ohms and it can take maximum current of 100 mA. What modification is required in the instrument to measure the voltage in the range (0 to 500) V?
49.9 Ω in series with the instrument
4.99 kΩ in series with the instrument
4.99 Ω in series with the instrument
4.99 kΩ in parallel with the instrument
Answer.2. 4.99 kΩ in series with the instrument
Explanation:
For series Multiplier
Rse = Rm(M – 1)
Rm = Vm/Im
M= multiplying factor = (Required full scale deflection)/(Initial full scale deflection)
Where,
Rsh = Series resistance
Rm = Meter resistance
Vm = Potential difference across meter = Im × Rm
Im = Meter current
Calculation:
Given that,
Rm = 10 ohms
Im = 100 mA
∴ Vm = 10 × 100 × 10-3 = 1 volt
M = 500/1 = 500
Rse = 10 (500 – 1) = 4990
Rse = 4.99 kΩ
9. A shunt can be used to measure _____
Large value of current
Small value of current
Medium value of current
None of the above
Answer.1. Large value of current
Explanation:
The shunt is a resistance to be used in parallel with the coil of the basic meter movement. The purpose of the shunt is to enable the meter to measure large currents. The maximum value of current that a basic meter movement can measure is about 10 mA.
A shunt can be used to measure the Large value of current.
If we want to measure larger currents, then the rest of the current has to be delivered through the resistance, shunt allowing only 10 mA to pass through the coil. Thus, in large range meters, shunts are provided inside the meter itself. These are also called internal shunts.
10. To minimize the loading effect of circuit under test, the input impedance of the device must:
Be very high
Be capacitive
Be very low
Match with the input impedance of the circuit
Answer.1. Be very high
Explanation:
When a voltmeter having an internal resistance of Rm is connected in parallel with a load resistance RL of the circuit under test, the circuit conditions will be altered.
The effective resistance will be the parallel combination of RL and Rm. The voltmeter indicates the voltage across this effective resistance, where the indicated voltage will always be less than the true voltage. This is known as the loading effect.
Hence the instrument must possess high input impedance to reduce the loading effect.