Intensity Transformation Functions MCQ [Free PDF] - Objective Question Answer for Intensity Transformation Functions Quiz

11. What is the set generated using infinite-value membership functions, called?

A. Crisp set
B. Boolean set
C. Fuzzy set
D. All of the mentioned

Answer: C

The set generated using infinite-value membership functions, called? a fuzzy set.

12. Which is the set, whose membership only can be true or false, in bi-values Boolean logic?

A. Boolean set
B. Crisp set
C. Null set
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: B

The so-called Crisp set is the one in which membership only can be true or false, in bi-values Boolean logic.

13. If Z is a set of elements with a generic element z, i.e. Z = {z}, then this set is called _____________

A. Universe set
B. Universe of discourse
C. Derived set
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: B

If Z is a set of elements with a generic element z, i.e. Z = {z}, then this set is called the universe of discourse.

14. A fuzzy set ‘A’ in Z is characterized by a ____________ that associates with an element of Z, a real number in the interval [0, 1].

A. Grade of membership
B. Generic element
C. Membership function
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

A fuzzy set is characterized by a membership function that associates with an element of Z, a real number in the interval [0, 1].

15. A fuzzy set is ________ if and only if the membership function is identically zero in Z.

A. Empty
B. Subset
C. Complement
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: A

A fuzzy set is called an Empty set if and only if the membership function is identically zero in Z.

16. Which of the following is a type of Membership function?

A. Triangular
B. Trapezoidal
C. Sigma
D. All of the mentioned

Answer: D

The type of Membership function is

A. Triangular
B. Trapezoidal
C. Sigma

17. Which of the following is not a type of Membership function?

A. S-shape
B. Bell shape
C. Truncated Gaussian
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: D

All of the mentioned above are types of Membership functions.

18. Using IF-THEN rule to create the output of fuzzy system is called _______________.

A. Inference
B. Implication
C. Both the mentioned
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

It is called Inference or Implication.

19. What is the independent variable of fuzzy output?

A. Maturity
B. Membership
C. Generic Element
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: A

Maturity is the independent variable of fuzzy output.

20. Which of the following is not a principle step in fuzzy technique?

A. Fuzzify input
B. Apply the implication method
C. Defuzzify final output
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: D

All of the mentioned above are key steps in the fuzzy technique.

21. Which gray-level transformation increases the dynamic range of gray-level in the image?

A. Power-law transformations
B. Negative transformations
C. Contrast stretching
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

Increasing the dynamic range of gray levels in the image is the basic idea behind contrast stretching.

22. When is the contrast stretching transformation a linear function, for r and s as gray-value of an image before and after processing respectively?

A. r₁ = s₁ and r₂ = s₂
B. r₁ = r₂, s₁ = 0 and s₂ = L – 1, L is the max gray value allowed
C. r₁ = 1 and r₂ = 0
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: A

If r₁ = s₁ and r₂ = s₂ the contrast stretching transformation is a linear function.

23. When is the contrast stretching transformation a thresholding function, for r and s as gray-value of an image before and after processing respectively?

A. r₁ = s₁ and r₂ = s₂
B. r₁ = r₂, s₁ = 0 and s₂ = L – 1, L is the max gray value allowed
C. r₁ = 1 and r₂ = 0
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: B

If r₁ = r₂, s₁ = 0 and s₂ = L – 1, the contrast stretching transformation is a thresholding function.

24. What condition prevents the intensity artifacts to be created while processing with contrast stretching, if r and s are gray values of the image before and after processing respectively?

A. r₁ = s₁ and r₂ = s₂
B. r₁ = r₂, s₁ = 0 and s₂ = L – 1, L is the max gray value allowed
C. r₁ = 1 and r₂ = 0
D. r₁ ≤ r₂ and s₁ ≤ s₂

Answer: D

While processing through contrast stretching, if r₁ ≤ r₂ and s₁ ≤ s₂ are maintained, the function remains single-valued and so monotonically increasing. This helps in the prevention of the creation of intensity artifacts.

25. A contrast stretching result has been obtained by setting (r₁, s₁) = (r_min, 0) and (r₂, s₂) = (r_max, L – 1), where, r and s are gray-values of the image before and after processing respectively, L is the max gray value allowed and r_max and r_min are maximum and minimum gray-values in image respectively. What should we term the transformation function if r₁ = r₂ = m, some mean gray-value.

A. Linear function
B. Thresholding function
C. Intermediate function
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: B

From (r₁, s₁) = (r_min, 0) and (r₂, s₂) = (r_max, L – 1), we have s₁ = 0 and s₂ = L – 1 and if r₁ = r₂ = m is set then the result becomes r₁ = r₂, s₁ = 0 and s₂ = L – 1, i.e. a thresholding function.

26. A specific range of gray-levels highlighting is the basic idea of __________

A. Contrast stretching
B. Bit –plane slicing
C. Thresholding
D. Gray-level slicing

Answer: D

gray-level slicing is being done by two approaches: One approach is to give all gray levels of a specific range high value and a low value to all other gray levels.

The second approach is to brighten the pixel’s gray value of interest and preserve the background.
I.e. in both highlighting a specific range of gray-level is been done.

27. What is/are the approach(s) of the gray-level slicing?

A. To give all gray levels of a specific range high value and a low value to all other gray levels
B. To brighten the pixel’s gray value of interest and preserve the background
C. All of the mentioned
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

There are basically two approaches to gray-level slicing:
One approach is to give all gray levels of a specific range high value and a low value to all other gray levels.
The second approach is to brighten the pixel’s gray value of interest and preserve the background.

28. Which of the following transform produces a binary image after processing?

A. Contrast stretching
B. Gray-level slicing
C. All of the mentioned
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

The approach of gray-level slicing “to give all gray levels of a specific range high value and a low value to all other gray levels” produces a binary image.

One of the transformations in Contrast stretching darkens the value of r (input image gray-level) below m (some predefined gray value) and brightens the value of r above m, giving a binary image as result.

29. Specific bit contribution in the image highlighting is the basic idea of __________

A. Contrast stretching
B. Bit –plane slicing
C. Thresholding
D. Gray-level slicing

Answer: B

Bit-plane slicing highlights the contribution of specific bits made to the total image, instead of highlighting a specific gray-level range.

30. In bit-plane slicing if an image is represented by 8 bits and is composed of eight 1-bit planes, with plane 0 showing the least significant bit and plane 7 showing the most significant bit. Then, which plane(s) contain the majority of visually significant data.

A. Plane 4, 5, 6, 7
B. Plane 0, 1, 2, 3
C. Plane 0
D. Plane 2, 3, 4, 5

Answer: A

In bit-plane slicing, for the given data, the higher-ordered bits (mostly the top four) contain most of the data visually signified.

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