Ray Transmission Theory MCQ || Optical fiber Questions and Answers

Answer: 3. Hondros and debye

Explanation: 

The transmission of light via a dielectric waveguide structure was first proposed and investigated at the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1910 Hondros and Debye§ conducted a theoretical study, and experimental work was reported by Schriever in 1920. However, a transparent dielectric rod, typically of silica glass with a refractive.

Answer:3. Kao and Hockham

Explanation: 

In 1966, Kao and Hockham (Kao et. al 1966) proposed the use of clad dielectric fiber waveguide as a medium for establishing an optical communication link. The performance of a viable transmission through optical was severely restricted in the beginning by the huge loss (~1000 dB/km) provided by the optical fibers of the late 1960s.

Answer:2. Law of refraction (Snell’s Law)

Explanation: 

Law of refraction (Snell’s Law) gives the relationship between the refractive index of the dielectric.

Snell’s law, in optics, is a relationship between the path taken by a ray of light in crossing the boundary or surface of separation between two contacting substances and the refractive index of each.

This law was discovered in 1621 by the Dutch astronomer and mathematician Willebrord Snell (also called Snellius).

Answer:2. Frequency

Explanation:

When a ray of light enters from one medium to another medium, its frequency and phase do not change but wavelength and velocity change.

The electric and magnetic fields have to remain continuous at the refractive index boundary. If the frequency is changed, the light at the boundary would change its phase and the fields won’t match. In order to match the field, frequency won’t change.

Answer:1. LED’s and Lasers

Explanation:

Among the variety of optical sources, optical fiber communication systems almost always use semiconductor-based light sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes because of the several advantages such sources have over the others.

During the working process of optical signals, they are both supposed to be switched on and off rapidly and accurately enough to transmit the signal. Also, they transmit light further with fewer errors.

Answer:4. Refraction index

Explanation:

• Refractive index, also called the index of refraction, is a measure of the bending of a ray of light when passing from one medium into another.
• Refractive index is also equal to the velocity of light c of a given wavelength in empty space divided by its velocity v in a substance, or n = c/v.
• The ratio of the speed of incident and the refracted ray in different mediums is called the refractive index.

Answer: c. Meridional

Explanation:

Meridional rays are rays that pass through the axis of the optical fiber. Meridional rays are used to illustrate the basic transmission properties of optical fibers. The second type is called skew rays. Skew rays are rays that travel through an optical fiber without passing through its axis. MERIDIONAL RAYS.

Answer:4. 0.27

Explanation:

The numerical aperture of fiber is related to the angle of acceptance as follows:

NA = sinθ

Where NA = numerical aperture

θ = acceptance angle.

NA = sin16

NA = 0.27

Answer:2. Greater than

Explanation:

• Light incident on fibers of angles is greater than acceptance angle does not propagate into the fiber.
• Light is guided in the fiber by total internal reflection at the core-cladding boundary.
• The acceptance angle of the fiber defines a cone of angles (acceptance cone) within which rays are guided in the fiber.
• A ray of light incident within the acceptance cone of the fiber on the entrance surface of the core will impinge on the core-cladding boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle and is “trapped” inside the core, totally internally reflected at the core-cladding boundary and guided through the core.
• Acceptance angle is the maximum angle at which light may enter into the fiber in order to be propagated. Hence the light incident on the fiber is less than the acceptance angle, the light will propagate in the fiber and will be lost by radiation.

Answer:1. Numerical Aperture

Explanation:

The numerical aperture (N is an important parameter of optical fibers in quantifying their ability to collect light and radiate outgoing light. NA is related to the critical angle in the fiber that defines a cone of angles within which all rays are guided in the fiber by total internal Refraction.

Answer:3. 20 dB

Explanation:

Hockham promoted the idea that the attenuation in optical fibers Offsite Link could be reduced below 20 dB per kilometer, allowing fibers to be a practical medium for communication.

Kao and Hockham proposed that the attenuation in fibers available at the time was caused by removable impurities rather than by fundamental physical effects such as scattering. Eventually, fiber optic communication became the technology enabling the Internet backbone.

Answer:2. Gallium Aluminum Arsenide

Explanation:

During the initial period in optical fiber, most of this work was focused on the 0.8 to 0.9 um wavelength band because the first generation of optical sources fabricated from gallium aluminum arsenide alloys operated in this region.

However, as silica fibers were studied in further detail it became apparent that transmission at longer wavelengths (1.1 to 1.6 um) would result in lower losses and reduced signal dispersion. This produced a shift in optical fiber source and detector.

Answer:1. Greater

Explanation:

Total internal Reflection of light If the angle of incidence in the denser medium is greater than the critical angle (, then the ray is reflected back into the first rarer medium, this phenomenon is called total internal reflection. In a desert, the phenomenon of mirage occurs due to total internal reflection.

Answer:4. All of the above

Explanation:

When a ray of light propagating in a medium enters the other medium, it deviates from its path. This phenomenon of change in the direction of propagation of light at the boundary, when it passes from one medium to another medium, is called the refraction of light.

Example of Refraction

1. Bending of a linear object when it is partially dipped in a liquid inclined to the surface of the liquid.
2. Twinkling of stars.
3. The oval shape of the sun in the morning and evening.
4. An object in a denser medium, when seen from a rarer medium, appears to be at a smaller distance.
5. Due to refraction, rivers appear shallow, coin in a beaker filled with water appears raised, pencil in the beaker appears broken.
6. At sunset and sunrise, due to refraction, the sun appears above the horizon while it is actually below the horizon. The duration of the day appears to be increased by nearly 4 minutes to atmospheric refraction.
7. Writing on a paper appears lifted when a glass slab is placed over the paper.

Answer:4. All of the above

Explanation:

Total internal Reflection of light If the angle of incidence in the denser medium is greater than the critical angle (, then the ray is reflected back into the first rarer medium, this phenomenon is called total internal reflection. In a desert, the phenomenon of mirage occurs due to total internal reflection.

Example of Total Internal Reflection

i. Sparkling of the diamond.

ii. Mirage and looming.

iii. Shining of air bubble in water.

iv. Increase in duration of sun’s visibility.

v. Shining of a smoked ball or a metal ball on which lamp stool deposited when dipped in water.

vi. Optical Fibre.

Answer:4. All of the above

Explanation:

I. For transmitting optical signals and the two-dimensional picture.

ii. For transmitting electrical signals by first converting them to light.

iii. For visualizing the internal sites of the body by doctors in endoscopy.