SOLUTION

Semiconductors are neither conductors nor insulators. The commonly used semiconductor elements are silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide. Silicon is the most widely used semiconductor material. It has 14 protons and 14 electrons in orbits. A semiconductor generally has four valence electrons.

An isolated silicon atom has four electrons in the valence bond.

Germanium has 32 protons, 32 electrons, and 4 valence electrons like silicon.