Intensity Transformation MCQ [Free PDF] - Objective Question Answer for Intensity Transformation Quiz

121. Two filters of similar size are used for smoothing images having impulse noise. One is a median filter while the other is a linear spatial filter. Which would the blurring effect of both?

A. Median filter effects in considerably less blurring than the linear spatial filters
B. Median filter effects in considerably more blurring than the linear spatial filters
C. Both have the same blurring effect
D. All of the mentioned

Answer: A

For impulse noise, the median filter is much more effective for noise reduction and causes considerably less blurring than the linear spatial filters.

122. An image contains noise having the appearance of black and white dots superimposed on the image. Which of the following noise(s) has the same appearance?

A. Salt-and-pepper noise
B. Gaussian noise
C. Both 1 and 2
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

An impulse noise has an appearance as black and white dots superimposed on the image. This is also known as Salt-and-pepper noise.

123. While performing the median filtering, suppose a 3*3 neighborhood has a value (10, 20, 20, 20, 15, 20, 20, 25, 100), then what is the median value to be given to the pixel under filter?

A. 15
B. 20
C. 100
D. 25

Answer: B

The values are first sorted and so turn out to (10, 15, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 25, and 100). For a 3*3 neighborhood the 5th largest value is the median, and so is 20.

124. Which of the following are forced to the median intensity of the neighbors by the n*n median filter?

A. Isolated cluster of pixels that are light or dark in comparison to their neighbors
B. Isolated cluster of pixels whose area is less than one-half the filter area
C. Both 1 and 2
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

The isolated cluster pixel value doesn’t come as a median value and since is either light or dark as compared to neighbors, so is forced with the median intensity of neighbors that aren’t even close to their original value and so are sometimes termed “eliminated”.

If the area of such isolated pixels is < n2/2, that is again the pixel value won’t be a median value and so is eliminated.
Larger cluster pixels value are more pronounced to be a median value, so are considerably less forced to median intensity.

125. Which filter(s) were used to find the brightest point in the image?

A. Median filter
B. Max filter
C. Mean filter
D. All of the mentioned

Answer: B

Max filter is used to find the brightest point in the image.

126. The median filter also represents which of the following ranked sets of numbers?

A. 100th percentile
B. 0th percentile
C. 50th percentile
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

Since the median filter forces, median intensity to the pixel which is almost the largest value in the middle of the list of values as per the ranking so represents the 50th percentile ranked set of numbers.

127. Which of the following filter represents a 0th percentile set of numbers?

A. Max filter
B. Mean filter
C. Median filter
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: D

A min filter since provides the minimum value in the image, so represents a 0th percentile set of numbers.

128. In neighborhood operations working is being done with the value of the image pixel in the neighborhood and the corresponding value of a sub-image that has the same dimension as the neighborhood. The sub-image is referred as _________

A. Filter
B. Mask
C. Template
D. All of the mentioned

Answer: D

Working in neighborhood operations is done with the value of a sub-image having the same dimension as the neighborhood corresponding to the value in the image pixel. The sub-image is called a filter, mask, template, kernel, or window.

129. The response for linear spatial filtering is given by the relationship __________

A. Sum of filter coefficient’s product and corresponding image pixel under filter mask
B. Difference of filter coefficient’s product and corresponding image pixel under filter mask
C. Product of filter coefficient’s product and corresponding image pixel under filter mask
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: A

In spatial filtering, the mask is moved from point to point and at each point, the response is calculated using a predefined relationship. The relationship is linear spatial filtering is given by: the Sum of the filter coefficient’s product and the corresponding image pixel in an area under the filter mask.

130. In linear spatial filtering, what is the pixel of the image under the mask corresponding to the mask coefficient w (1, -1), assuming a 3*3 mask?

A. f (x, -y)
B. f (x + 1, y)
C. f (x, y – 1)
D. f (x + 1, y – 1)

Answer: D

The pixel corresponding to mask coefficient (a 3*3 mask) w (0, 0) is f (x, y), and so for w (1, -1) is f (x + 1, y – 1).

131. Which of the following is/are a nonlinear operation?

A. Computation of variance
B. Computation of median
C. Both 1 and 2
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

Computation of variance, as well as median, comes under nonlinear operation.

132. Which of the following is/are used as a basic function in a nonlinear filter for noise reduction?

A. Computation of variance
B. Computation of median
C. All of the mentioned
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: B

The computation of the median gray-level value in the neighborhood is the basic function of a nonlinear filter for noise reduction.

133. In neighborhood operation for spatial filtering if a square mask of size n*n is used it is restricted that the center of the mask must be at a distance ≥ (n – 1)/2 pixels from the border of the image, what happens to the resultant image?

A. The resultant image will be of the same size as the original image
B. The resultant image will be a little larger size than the original image
C. The resultant image will be a little smaller size than the original image
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

If the center of the mask must be at a distance ≥ (n – 1)/2 pixels from the border of the image, the border pixels won’t get processed under the mask and so the resultant image would be of smaller size.

134. Which of the following method is/are used for padding the image?

A. Adding rows and columns of 0 or other constant gray levels
B. Simply replicating the rows or columns
C. Both 1 and 2
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

In neighborhood operation for spatial filtering using the square mask, padding of the original image is done to obtain a filtered image of the same size as of original image done, by adding rows and columns of 0 or other constant gray level or by replicating the rows or columns of the original image.

135. In neighborhood operation for spatial filtering using a square mask of n*n, which of the following approach is/are used to obtain a perfectly filtered result irrespective of the size?

A. By padding the image
B. By filtering all the pixels only with the mask section that is fully contained in the image
C. By ensuring that the center of the mask must be at a distance ≥ (n – 1)/2 pixels from the border of the image
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

By ensuring that the center of the mask must be at a distance ≥ (n – 1)/2 pixels from the border of the image, the resultant image would be of smaller size but all the pixels would be the result of the filter processing and so is a fully filtered result.

In the other approach, padding affects the values near the edges that get more prevalent with mask size increase, while another approach results in the band of pixels near the border that gets processed with a partial filter mask. So, not a fully filtered case.

136. Which of the following fact(s) is/are true for the relationship between the low-frequency component of Fourier transform and the rate of change of gray levels?

A. Moving away from the origin of transform the low frequency corresponds to smooth gray level variation
B. Moving away from the origin of transformation the low frequencies correspond to an abrupt change in gray level
C. Both 1 and 2
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

Moving away from the origin of transform the low frequency corresponds to the slowly varying components in an image. Moving further away from origin the higher frequencies corresponds to faster gray level changes.

137. Which of the following fact(s) is/are true for the relationship between the high-frequency component of Fourier transform and the rate of change of gray levels?

A. Moving away from the origin of transform the high frequency corresponds to smooth gray level variation
B. Moving away from the origin of transformation the higher frequencies correspond to an abrupt change in gray level
C. All of the mentioned
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: B

138. What is the name of the filter that multiplies two functions F(u, v) and H(u, v), where F has complex components too since is a Fourier transformed function of f(x, y), in an order that each component of H multiplies both real and complex part of the corresponding component in F?

A. Unsharp mask filter
B. High-boost filter
C. Zero-phase-shift-filter
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: C

Zero-phase-shift-filter multiplies two functions F(u, v) and H(u, v), where F has complex components too since is Fourier transformed function of f(x, y), in an order that each component of H multiplies both real and complex part of the corresponding component in F.

139. To set the average value of an image zero, which of the following term would be set 0 in the frequency domain, and the inverse transformation is done, where F(u, v) is the Fourier transformed function of f(x, y)?

A. F(0, 0)
B. F(0, 1)
C. F(1, 0)
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: A

For an image f(x, y), the Fourier transform at the origin of an image, F(0, 0), is equal to the average value of the image.

140. What is the name of the filter that is used to turn the average value of a processed image to zero?

A. Unsharp mask filter
B. Notch filter
C. Zero-phase-shift-filter
D. None of the mentioned

Answer: B

The notch filter sets F (0, 0), to zero, hence setting up the average value of image zero. The filter is named so because it is a constant function with a notch at origin and so can set F (0, 0) to zero leaving out other values.

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