1. What does the total number of pixels in the region defines?
a) Perimeter
b) Area
c) Intensity
d) Brightness
Answer: b
The area of a region is defined by the total number of pixels in the region. The perimeter is given the number of pixels along the length of the boundary of the region.
2. What is the unit of compactness of a region?
a) Meter
b) Meter2
c) No units
d) Meter-1
Answer: c
The compactness of a region is defined as (perimeter)2/area. Thus, the compactness of a region is a dimensionless quantity.
3. For which of the following regions, compactness is minimal?
a) Rectangle
b) Square
c) Irregular
d) Disk
Answer: d
We know that compactness of a region is defined as (perimeter)2/area. Thus, the disk-shaped region has a minimal value of this ratio and hence the minimal compactness.
4. Compactness is insensitive to orientation.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
With the exception of errors introduced by the rotation of the digital image, we can state that the compactness of a region is insensitive to the orientation of the image.
5. Which of the following measures are not used to describe a region?
a) Mean and median of grey values
b) Minimum and a maximum of grey values
c) Number of pixels alone
d) Number of pixels above and below mean
Answer: c
Some of the measures which are used to describe a region are the mean and median of grey values, minimum and maximum of grey values and the number of pixels above and below the mean. The area of the region, i.e., the total number of pixels in the region cannot alone describe the region.
6. We cannot use the normalized area as one of the region descriptors.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
One of the regional descriptors is normalized area. It can be quite useful to extract information from the image. In satellite images of the earth, the data can be refined by normalizing it with respect to landmass per region.
7. What is the study of properties of a figure that are unaffected by any deformation?
a) Topology
b) Geography
c) Statistics
d) Deformation
Answer: a
We can define topology as the study of properties of a figure that are unaffected by any deformation, as long as there is no joining or tearing of the figure. We use topological properties in the region description.
8. On which of the following operation of an image, does the topology of the region change?
a) Stretching
b) Rotation
c) Folding
d) Change in the distance measure
Answer: c
If a topological descriptor is defined by the number of holes in an image, then the number of holes will not vary if the image is stretched or rotated. The number of holes in the region will change only if the image is torn or folded.
9. Topological properties don’t depend on distance measures.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
We know that, as stretching affects distance, topological properties do not depend on the notion of distance or any properties implicitly based on the concept of distance measures.
10. What is the Euler number of the image shown below?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) -1
Answer: d
The image shown in the question has two holes and one connected component. So, the Euler number E is given as 1-2=-1.
11. What is the Euler number of a region with a polygonal network containing V, Q, and F as the number of vertices, edges, and faces respectively?
a) V+Q+F
b) V-Q+F
c) V+Q-F
d) V-Q-F
Answer: b
It is very important to classify the polygonal network. Let V, Q and F denote the number of vertices, edges, and faces respectively.
Then,
V-Q+F=C-H
Where C and H represent the number of connected components and number of holes in the region respectively. So, the Euler number E is given by V-Q+F.
12. What is the Euler number of the region shown in the figure below?
a) 1
b) -2
c) -1
d) 2
Answer: b
The polygonal network given in the figure has 7 vertices, 11 edges, and 2 faces. Thus the Euler number is given by the formula,
E=V-Q+F=7-11+2=-2.
13. The texture of the region provides a measure of which of the following properties?
a) Smoothness alone
b) Coarseness alone
c) Regularity alone
d) Smoothness, coarseness, and regularity
Answer: d
One of the important approaches to region description is texture content. This helps to provide the measure of some of the important properties of an image like smoothness, coarseness, and regularity of the region.
14. Structural techniques deal with the arrangement of image primitives.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Structural techniques deal with the arrangement of image primitives, such as the description of the texture based on the regularly spaced parallel lines.
15. Which of the following techniques is based on the Fourier transform?
a) Structural
b) Spectral
c) Statistical
d) Topological
Answer: b
Spectral techniques are based on properties of the Fourier spectrum and are used primarily to detect global periodicity in an image by identifying high energy, narrow peaks in the image.
