Answer.2. 125 kVA
a
Explanation 

For the same load (constant load), kVA is directly proportional to induced emf. Therefore

S ∝ induced EMF

S ∝ 4.44fNΦ

∴ S ∝ f

S₁/S₂ = f₁/f₂

S₂ = S₁f₂/f₁

= 500 x 50/200 =125 KVA

Answer.4. Depends upon the power factor of the load

Explanation 

The operating power factor in the case of a transformer depends upon the load supplied by the transformer. For example, if the transformer is supplying lamp load, the operating power factor is unity, whereas while in most industries, a large percentage of the load consists of an induction motor. These machines operate with lagging power factor hence the power factor of the transformer is lagging, Moreover, the magnitude of the lagging power factor also depends on the nature of the inductive load being supplied by the transformer. Thus the transformer rating is always specified in terms of volt-ampere (VA) or Kilo-Volt-ampere KVA.

Answer.3. Is more than core loss

Explanation 

η at full load = η at half load = 0.98

η at full load of the transformer

P_co + P_cufl = 2.0408

Where

P_co = Constant Losses

P_cu = Copper losses

⇒ Efficiency η at half load

Solving the equation

P_co  = 0.6802 KW

P_cufl = 1.3605 KW

P_cufl > P_co

or

Answer.4. Low reluctance magnetic core

Explanation 

• Magnetic reluctance, or magnetic resistance, is a concept used in the analysis of magnetic circuits. It is analogous to resistance in an electrical circuit, but rather than dissipating electric energy it stores magnetic energy.
• Low the reluctance, less the opposition to flux therefore more flux can pass through the transformer core.
• Therefore the transformer core is made magnetic steel that has high permeability (low reluctance) to the magnetic flux.

Answer.1. Small voltage-ampere rating

Explanation 

Most transformers are designed so that as much flux due to the coils is confined to the magnetic circuit as possible, and so that primary and secondary are closely coupled. The aim is to minimize flux leakage to achieve maximum efficiency. However, some transformers are deliberately designed to have a controlled amount of flux leakage because it can provide current limiting in the secondary.

Leakage transformers are transformers where the magnetic flux of the secondary is loosely coupled to the flux of the primary.  This loose coupling ensures that the transformer can withstand short circuit conditions. The output and input current of the leakage transformer is low enough to prevent thermal overload under load condition even if the secondary is shorted. Leakage Transformers are also known as Stray field Transformers.

Leakage transformers are used for arc welding and high-voltage discharge lamps (neon lights and cold cathode fluorescent lamps, which are series-connected up to 7.5 kV AC). They act as both voltage transformer and magnetic ballast. Other applications are short-circuit-proof extra-low voltage transformers for toys or doorbell installations.

Answer.4. Air-cooled transformer

Explanation 

The Buchholz relay is a gas-operated relay used for the protection of oil-immersed transformers against all the types of internal faults. It is named after its inventor, Buchholz. It is used for the protection of a transformer from the faults occurring inside the transformer, such as impulse breakdown of the insulating oil, insulation failure of turns, etc.

Buchholz relay can be used only in the oil-immersed transformer having a conservative tank. Due to economic considerations, Buchholz relay is not provided for the transformers having below 500 KVA.

Answer.1. 250 Watt

Explanation

At maximum efficiency Iron loss = copper loss = 1000 W

The copper loss at the half load will be one-fourth times of full load copper loss. It is given by

Copper loss = X²  × copper loss at full load

Where

X stands for loading condition of the transformer

So for half loading copper loss will be

= (0.5)² × 1000 w

= 250 W

Answer.2. 50-70% of full load

Explanation

Distribution transformers are used for lower voltage distribution networks as a means to end-user connectivity. (11kV, 6.6 kV, 3.3 kV, 440V, 230V) and are generally rated less than 200 MVA. Distribution transformers depend on the typical load cycle for which it has to supply power. Definitely Core the design will be done to take care of peak load and as well as all-day-efficiency. It is a bargain between these two points.

The distribution transformer is used for the distribution of electrical energy at low voltage as less than 33KV in industrial purpose and 440v -220v in domestic purpose. It works at low efficiency at 50-70%(due to variation in load), small size, easy in installation, having low magnetic losses & it is not always fully loaded.

Answer.3. 300 W

Explanation

When variable loss becomes equal to the constant loss, efficiency is maximum.

Losses = Pi + Pc

Since copper loss is a variable loss therefore

Losses = Pi + Pi = 2pi

Thus at maximum efficiency of this transformer total loss

= 150 x 2 = 300 W

Answer.4. A protective device in high voltage circuits

Explanation

Voltage transformers (VT), also called potential transformers (PT), are a parallel-connected type of instrument transformer. They are used in the electrical power system for stepping down the system voltage to a safe value which can be fed to low ratings meters and relays.